What makes Canada one of the world's major beef producers?

The vast cattle ranches of Alberta — The vast cattle ranches of Alberta.

After whom were Alberta and Lake Louise named?

Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, fourth daughter of Queen Victoria — Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Queen Victoria.

Which province is Canada's largest producer of oil and gas?

Alberta — Alberta, where the oil sands in the north are being developed as a major energy source.

Who wrote Anne of Green Gables, and where is it set?

Lucy Maud Montgomery; Prince Edward Island — Lucy Maud Montgomery, set in Prince Edward Island. It is a much-loved story about a little red-headed orphan girl.

What climate does the Atlantic Ocean bring to the Atlantic Provinces?

Cool winters and cool humid summers — Cool winters and cool humid summers.

Which natural resources have made the Atlantic Provinces important to Canada's history and development?

Fishing, farming, forestry and mining — Fishing, farming, forestry and mining, along with their coasts.

What do Alberta's rugged Badlands house?

Some of the world's richest prehistoric fossil and dinosaur deposits — Some of the world's richest deposits of prehistoric fossils and dinosaur finds.

In what year was Banff National Park established?

1885 — 1885. Alberta has five national parks.

What is the Bay of Fundy known for?

The world's highest tides — The world's highest tides.

What gives the B.C. coast a temperate climate?

Warm airstreams from the Pacific Ocean — Warm airstreams from the Pacific Ocean.

Canada's Regions

NotesQuestions

The land

Canada is the second largest country on earth — 10 million square kilometres.
Three oceans line Canada's frontiers: the Pacific in the west, the Atlantic in the east, and the Arctic to the north.
Along the southern edge lies the Canada-United States boundary.
Canada has five distinct regions: the Atlantic Provinces, Central Canada, the Prairie Provinces, the West Coast and the Northern Territories.
Canada has ten provinces and three territories, and each has its own capital city.

The National Capital

Ottawa, on the Ottawa River, was chosen as the capital in 1857 by Queen Victoria, the great-great-grandmother of Queen Elizabeth II.
Ottawa is Canada's fourth largest metropolitan area. The National Capital Region covers 4,700 square kilometres.

Provinces, territories and capitals

Newfoundland and Labrador — St. John's. Prince Edward Island — Charlottetown. Nova Scotia — Halifax. New Brunswick — Fredericton.
Quebec — Québec City. Ontario — Toronto.
Manitoba — Winnipeg. Saskatchewan — Regina. Alberta — Edmonton. British Columbia — Victoria.
Nunavut — Iqaluit. Northwest Territories — Yellowknife. Yukon — Whitehorse.

The Atlantic Provinces

Atlantic Canada's natural resources include fishing, farming, forestry and mining. The Atlantic Ocean brings cool winters and cool humid summers.
Newfoundland and Labrador is the most easterly point in North America and has its own time zone. It was the oldest colony of the British Empire.
Today off-shore oil and gas contributes substantially to Newfoundland's economy, and Labrador has immense hydro-electric resources.
Prince Edward Island is the smallest province, known for its beaches, red soil and agriculture, especially potatoes. It is the birthplace of Confederation.
P.E.I. is connected to the mainland by the Confederation Bridge, one of the longest continuous multispan bridges in the world.
Anne of Green Gables, set in P.E.I. by Lucy Maud Montgomery, is a much-loved story about a little red-headed orphan girl.
Nova Scotia is the most populous Atlantic Province, with a rich history as the gateway to Canada, and the world's highest tides in the Bay of Fundy.
Halifax is Canada's largest east coast port — deep-water and ice-free — and home to Canada's largest naval base. Nova Scotia hosts over 700 annual festivals, including the military tattoo in Halifax.
New Brunswick sits in the Appalachian Range, was founded by the United Empire Loyalists, and has the second largest river system on North America's Atlantic coastline, the St. John River.
In New Brunswick, Saint John is the largest city, port and manufacturing centre; Moncton is the principal Francophone Acadian centre; and Fredericton is the historic capital. About one-third of the population lives and works in French.

Central Canada

More than half the people in Canada live near the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River in southern Quebec and Ontario — the industrial and manufacturing heartland.
Together, Ontario and Quebec produce more than three-quarters of all Canadian manufactured goods.
In Quebec, more than three-quarters speak French as their first language, the vast majority living along or near the St. Lawrence River.
Quebec is Canada's main producer of pulp and paper and its largest producer of hydro-electricity, and Quebecers lead in pharmaceuticals and aeronautics.
Montreal is Canada's second largest city and the second largest mainly French-speaking city in the world after Paris.
The people of Ontario make up more than one-third of Canadians. Toronto is the largest city in Canada and the country's main financial centre.
The Niagara region is known for its vineyards, wines and fruit crops. Ontario was founded by United Empire Loyalists and has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec.
The five Great Lakes are Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan (in the U.S.A.) and Lake Superior, the largest fresh water lake in the world.

The Prairie Provinces

Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta are the Prairie Provinces, rich in energy resources and some of the most fertile farmland in the world. The region is mostly dry, with cold winters and hot summers.
Manitoba's economy is based on agriculture, mining and hydro-electric power generation.
Winnipeg's Exchange District includes Portage and Main, the most famous street intersection in Canada. Its French Quarter, St. Boniface, has Western Canada's largest Francophone community.
Manitoba is an important centre of Ukrainian culture and has the largest Aboriginal population of any province.
Saskatchewan was once known as the "breadbasket of the world" and the "wheat province". It has 40% of the arable land in Canada and is the country's largest producer of grains and oilseeds.
Saskatchewan boasts the world's richest deposits of uranium and potash, used in fertilizer.
Regina is home to the training academy of the RCMP. Saskatoon, the largest city, is the headquarters of the mining industry.
Alberta is the most populous Prairie province. It and Lake Louise were both named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Queen Victoria.
Alberta has five national parks, including Banff National Park, established in 1885. The rugged Badlands house some of the world's richest deposits of prehistoric fossils and dinosaur finds.
Alberta is the largest producer of oil and gas, with oil sands in the north, and is renowned for its vast cattle ranches that make Canada one of the world's major beef producers.

The West Coast

British Columbia is known for its majestic mountains and as Canada's Pacific gateway. It is Canada's westernmost province.
The Port of Vancouver is Canada's largest and busiest and our gateway to the Asia-Pacific.
Warm airstreams from the Pacific give the B.C. coast a temperate climate.
About one-half of all goods produced in B.C. are forestry products — lumber, newsprint, and pulp and paper — the most valuable forestry industry in Canada.
B.C. is also known for mining, fishing, and the fruit orchards and wine industry of the Okanagan Valley, and has the most extensive park system in Canada with approximately 600 provincial parks.
B.C.'s large Asian communities have made Chinese and Punjabi the most spoken languages in the cities after English. The capital, Victoria, is a tourist centre and headquarters of the navy's Pacific fleet.

The Northern Territories

The Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Yukon contain one-third of Canada's land mass but have a small population.
The North has gold, lead, copper, diamond and zinc mines, and oil and gas deposits being developed.
The North is called the "Land of the Midnight Sun" because at the height of summer daylight can last up to 24 hours; in winter, darkness sets in for three months.
Much of the North is tundra, the vast rocky Arctic plain, where there are no trees and the soil is permanently frozen.
Thousands of miners came to the Yukon during the Gold Rush of the 1890s, celebrated in the poetry of Robert W. Service.
The White Pass and Yukon Railway opened from Skagway, Alaska to Whitehorse in 1900. Yukon holds the record for the coldest temperature ever recorded in Canada, -63°C.
Mount Logan, in the Yukon, is the highest mountain in Canada, named after Sir William Logan, who founded and directed the Geological Survey of Canada.
The Northwest Territories were originally made up in 1870 from Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory. The capital, Yellowknife, is called the "diamond capital of North America".
More than half the N.W.T. population is Aboriginal — Dene, Inuit and Métis. The Mackenzie River, at 4,200 kilometres, is the second-longest river system in North America after the Mississippi.
Nunavut, meaning "our land" in Inuktitut, was established in 1999 from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
The capital Iqaluit was formerly Frobisher Bay, named after Martin Frobisher, who penetrated the uncharted Arctic for Queen Elizabeth I in 1576.
Nunavut's 19-member Legislative Assembly chooses a premier and ministers by consensus. The population is about 85% Inuit, and Inuktitut is an official language and the first language in schools.
The Canadian Rangers, part of the Canadian Forces Reserves, travel by snowmobile in winter and all-terrain vehicles in summer from Resolute to the Magnetic North Pole, keeping the flag flying in Canada's Arctic.

Read it on canada.ca

82 more questions in this chapter

The rest of this chapter's questions are part of practice mode, along with every mock test.

$14.50 to unlock practice mode Or take a free mock test first

All free questions from this chapter

Ready to test yourself?

Sit a full 20-question mock test, timed and scored against the real pass mark.

Take a free mock test Revise the key facts